We explore how political parties are essential to democratic government. We'll examine how the two-party system is a product of historical forces, the role ...
This lecture provides a comprehensive overview of political parties in the United States, starting with their fundamental functions and importance in a democratic system. We explore the concept of party competition and the 'three-headed political giant' – the party in the electorate, as an organization, and in government – highlighting how these components interact. We then examine parties as crucial linkage institutions, connecting citizens to policymakers through candidate nomination, campaign management, and policy articulation. The Downs Model is introduced to explain how parties strategically position themselves to maximize electoral success, often converging towards the center of the political spectrum.
Next, the lecture delves into party identification among voters, noting the decline in party loyalty and the rise of independence, while also acknowledging the increasing alignment of specific demographics with particular parties. We discuss the decentralized and fragmented nature of American political parties, contrasting them with more centralized European systems. The role of national party organizations, such as the National Convention and Committee, is also covered. The lecture further explores the relationship between party promises and policy outcomes, emphasizing that parties generally strive to fulfill their campaign pledges. We then move into party eras and realignments in American history, highlighting critical elections and the formation of new coalitions. The lecture concludes by examining party dealignment and renewal, the impact and limitations of third parties, and the debate surrounding responsible party government, which emphasizes accountability and clear policy platforms. Finally, a lecture quiz is announced to test your understanding of the material.
